全文获取类型
收费全文 | 78802篇 |
免费 | 6458篇 |
国内免费 | 5002篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 23352篇 |
晶体学 | 1807篇 |
力学 | 3506篇 |
综合类 | 326篇 |
数学 | 18119篇 |
物理学 | 43152篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 153篇 |
2021年 | 308篇 |
2020年 | 627篇 |
2019年 | 929篇 |
2018年 | 888篇 |
2017年 | 597篇 |
2016年 | 418篇 |
2015年 | 392篇 |
2014年 | 1034篇 |
2013年 | 1793篇 |
2012年 | 1119篇 |
2011年 | 1684篇 |
2010年 | 2264篇 |
2009年 | 6798篇 |
2008年 | 7852篇 |
2007年 | 6324篇 |
2006年 | 5764篇 |
2005年 | 3926篇 |
2004年 | 3749篇 |
2003年 | 3977篇 |
2002年 | 4703篇 |
2001年 | 3674篇 |
2000年 | 3490篇 |
1999年 | 3307篇 |
1998年 | 2738篇 |
1997年 | 1902篇 |
1996年 | 1710篇 |
1995年 | 2200篇 |
1994年 | 2131篇 |
1993年 | 1591篇 |
1992年 | 1098篇 |
1991年 | 827篇 |
1990年 | 677篇 |
1989年 | 599篇 |
1988年 | 563篇 |
1987年 | 401篇 |
1986年 | 190篇 |
1985年 | 941篇 |
1984年 | 615篇 |
1983年 | 487篇 |
1982年 | 638篇 |
1981年 | 792篇 |
1980年 | 719篇 |
1979年 | 558篇 |
1978年 | 581篇 |
1977年 | 539篇 |
1976年 | 540篇 |
1975年 | 317篇 |
1974年 | 354篇 |
1973年 | 462篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 234 毫秒
41.
Jatropa curcas Linn. (JcL) capsule husk was not recommended as biogas feedstocks. However for biorefinery purpose, several technologies have been conducting to solve this problem. This research reported quantity and quality comparison of Dry Husk Jcl (DH-JcL) in one phase system of batch digester compare with semi continuous digester. HDPE drum of 80 L working volume used as digester with 40 days hydraulic retention time. Feeding of DH-Jcl and solvent water was mixed on concentration of 1: 8. Research conclusion showed that semi continuous digester was better than batch digester. Biogas quality showed that methane content can reach 66.61% to 83.15% and biogas quantity in semi continuous digester can reach 0.016 m3 · kg–1 DH JcL. The result was not in optimize condition yet because ratio number of volatile fatty acids/ alkalinity showed 0.5, it was indicated unstable anaerobic degradation process of DH-JcL. 相似文献
42.
New dicarboxylate-functionalized pillared materials with a general formula of λ-ZrPO4(OH)1-x(OOC(CH2)nCOO)x/2(dmso) (n=6, 8 and 10) have been prepared by post-synthesis modification of the inorganic layers of λ-zirconium phosphate (λ-ZrP), where the superficial Chloride monovalent anionic ligands of λ-layer are partially exchanged with the divalent anionic ligands of a series of long-chain aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, namely octanedioic acid, decanedioic acid and dodecanedioic acid. The synthesized materials are characterized by X-ray diffractometry, FT-IR spectrophotometry, elemental and thermogravimetric analyses. The X-ray diffraction patterns show that the obtained solid phases are pure. Furthermore, the interlayer distance of λ-ZrP systematically increases from 1.02 to 1.59 nm as a result of the incorporation of the mentioned acids inside the interlayer gallery. 相似文献
43.
Md. Aminul Haque Md. Rajibul Akanda Delwar Hossain M. Aminul Haque Ismail A. Buliyaminu Shaik Inayath Basha Munetaka Oyama Md. Abdul Aziz 《Electroanalysis》2020,32(3):528-535
In this study, the electrocatalytic characteristics of nitrogen‐doped carbon (NDC) prepared from Clerodendrum Infortunatum L leaves on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface was evaluated with regards to its ability to detect the electroactive drug ketoconazole (KCZ). The NDC was prepared by carrying out a simple pyrolysis of dry powder of the leaves at 850 °C. The prepared NDC was characterized using field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller analysis, and was then used as an electrode material. The performance of the electrochemical KCZ sensor with the NDC‐modified glassy carbon electrode (NDC/GCE) was found to be optimal when using PBS buffer at pH 3 and a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml of NDC in the conjugate with Nafion polymer. Under these conditions, the NDC/GCE displayed a KCZ detection limit of 3 μM and a linear dependence of its response on KCZ concentration over a wide range of KCZ concentrations from 47 μM to 752 μM (R2=0.9742). These results confirmed the potential of NDC as an electrocatalyst. 相似文献
44.
Marta Wojciechowska Piotr Stepnowski Marek Gołębiowski 《Biomedical chromatography : BMC》2022,36(5):e5346
This paper presents the effect of insecticides on the composition of the surface compounds of one of the most harmful insects, Tenebrio molitor, by analysis using GC–MS. As a result of the use of insecticides, the composition of the chemical compounds on the surface of insects changes, depending on the insecticides used. The most numerous groups of the marked compounds were fatty acids, alkanes, esters and sterols. The content of the identified compounds in the larvae increased at both 24 and 48 h after the application of insecticides, in comparison with the control samples. The content of identified compounds in the samples taken from the females increased 24, 48 and 72 h after the application of insecticides in comparison with the control samples. By contrast, in samples prepared from males, the content of identified compounds decreased 24 h after the application of insecticides, compared with the control samples. The highest content of chemical compounds was for fatty acids and alkanes after the use of insecticides. The content of fatty acids after the application of the insecticide with deltamethrin was 62.1 ± 3.3–466.9 ± 5.9 μg/g, and after the application of the insecticide with cyfluthrin was 49.9 ± 1.9–458.3 ± 4.2 μg/g. However, the content of alkanes after the use of deltamethrin was 115.6 ± 4.2–4672.0 ± 32.1 μg/g, and after the use of cyfluthrin was 189.4 ± 3.8–3975.0 ± 10.2 μg/g. 相似文献
45.
Dr. Joaquim Torra Dr. Felipe Viela Dr. Diego Megías Dr. Begoña Sot Prof. Cristina Flors 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2022,28(19):e202200026
CRANAD-2 is a fluorogenic curcumin derivative used for near-infrared detection and imaging in vivo of amyloid aggregates, which are involved in neurodegenerative diseases. We explore the performance of CRANAD-2 in two super-resolution imaging techniques, namely stimulated emission depletion (STED) and single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM), with markedly different fluorophore requirements. By conveniently adapting the concentration of CRANAD-2, which transiently binds to amyloid fibrils, we show that it performs well in both techniques, achieving a resolution in the range of 45–55 nm. Correlation of SMLM with atomic force microscopy (AFM) validates the resolution of fine features in the reconstructed super-resolved image. The good performance and versatility of CRANAD-2 provides a powerful tool for near-infrared nanoscopic imaging of amyloids in vitro and in vivo. 相似文献
46.
A. Solotar 《代数通讯》2018,46(10):4414-4425
Let G,H be groups, φ:G→H a group morphism, and A a G-graded algebra. The morphism φ induces an H-grading on A, and on any G-graded A-module, which thus becomes an H-graded A-module. Given an injective G-graded A-module, we give bounds for its injective dimension when seen as H-graded A-module. Following ideas by Van den Bergh, we give an application of our results to the stability of dualizing complexes through change of grading. 相似文献
47.
《Arabian Journal of Chemistry》2020,13(11):8424-8457
Nowadays, increasing extortions regarding environmental problems and energy scarcity have stuck the development and endurance of human society. The issue of inorganic and organic pollutants that exist in water from agricultural, domestic, and industrial activities has directed the development of advanced technologies to address the challenges of water scarcity efficiently. To solve this major issue, various scientists and researchers are looking for novel and effective technologies that can efficiently remove pollutants from wastewater. Nanoscale metal oxide materials have been proposed due to their distinctive size, physical and chemical properties along with promising applications. Cupric Oxide (CuO) is one of the most commonly used benchmark photocatalysts in photodegradation owing to the fact that they are cost-effective, non-toxic, and more efficient in absorption across a significant fraction of solar spectrum. In this review, we have summarized synthetic strategies of CuO fabrication, modification methods with applications for water treatment purposes. Moreover, an elaborative discussion on feasible strategies includes; binary and ternary heterojunction formation, Z-scheme based photocatalytic system, incorporation of rare earth/transition metal ions as dopants, and carbonaceous materials serving as a support system. The mechanistic insight inferring photo-induced charge separation and transfer, the functional reactive radical species involved in a photocatalytic reaction, have been successfully featured and examined. Finally, a conclusive remark regarding current studies and unresolved challenges related to CuO are put forth for future perspectives. 相似文献
48.
Djamel Ait-Akli & Abdelkader Merakeb 《偏微分方程(英文版)》2020,33(1):64-92
In this paper we consider the Lamé system on a polygonal convex domain
with mixed boundary conditions of Dirichlet-Neumann type. An explicit L2 norm
estimate for the gradient of the solution of this problem is established. This leads to an
explicit bound of the H1 norm of this solution. Note that the obtained upper-bound is
not optimal. 相似文献
49.
50.
The eigenvalues of a differential operator on a Hilbert-Pόlya space are determined. It is shown that these eigenvalues are exactly the nontrivial zeros of the Riemann $\zeta$-function. Moreover, their corresponding multiplicities are the same. 相似文献